When we read through the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1, we’re confronted with an unexpected detail: the inclusion of five women. In a time when genealogies typically traced lineage through men, the appearance of Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba, and Mary stands out. But what’s even more striking is why these women, in particular, were chosen. They weren’t the matriarchs like Sarah or Rebekah, and they weren’t the well-known mothers of the tribes of Israel. So why these women? What did they contribute to God’s redemptive plan that others did not?
Each of these women played a direct, active role in the salvation story—often in ways that were culturally or morally controversial. Their actions not only shaped the lineage of the Messiah, but they also reveal a deeper truth about how God works through those who are often overlooked, scandalized, or marginalized.
Tamar: Preserving the Line of Judah
Tamar’s story (Genesis 38) is one of desperation and justice. Widowed twice, she found herself in a situation where the family of Judah failed to fulfill their duty to provide her with a husband and offspring. In response, Tamar took a drastic step: disguising herself as a prostitute to bear a child through Judah himself. While her actions seem morally questionable on the surface, she was acting to preserve the family line—ensuring that the tribe of Judah, through which the Messiah would come, continued. She forced Judah to fulfill his responsibility, even when he was unwilling to do so. Tamar’s inclusion in the genealogy isn’t about celebrating deception but recognizing her critical role in ensuring the continuation of the Messianic line.
Why Tamar and not someone like Leah or Rachel? Tamar’s direct action ensured the survival of Judah’s lineage. Without her, the line that would bring forth Jesus might have ended. Leah and Rachel, while important, were part of the natural unfolding of events. Tamar’s story is one of stepping in to secure the future when everything seemed to be falling apart.
Rahab: The Outsider Who Saved Israel
Rahab (Joshua 2) was a Canaanite prostitute living in Jericho. Yet, her faith in the God of Israel led her to hide the Israelite spies and help them escape. In return, her family was spared when Jericho fell. Rahab not only became part of Israel but also married into the nation, becoming the great-grandmother of King David.
Why Rahab and not other women of faith from Israel’s history? Rahab’s story emphasizes that God’s salvation is for all people, not just the chosen nation of Israel. Her inclusion highlights the expansive nature of God’s grace. She wasn’t born into the covenant but was grafted in through faith. Her faithfulness was pivotal in the conquest of the Promised Land, making her a vital part of the salvation narrative.
Ruth: The Loyal Foreigner
Ruth’s story (Book of Ruth) is one of loyalty and redemption. A Moabite widow, she chose to leave her homeland and stay with her mother-in-law Naomi, declaring that Naomi’s God would be her God. Her devotion led her to Boaz, a kinsman-redeemer who married her and continued the family line, eventually leading to the birth of King David.
Why Ruth and not the matriarchs like Sarah or Rebekah? While Sarah and Rebekah were critical to the birth of Israel, Ruth’s story is about the inclusion of the Gentiles. Ruth was an outsider, a Moabite, and yet she became the great-grandmother of David. Her faithfulness in an uncertain situation ensured the continuation of the line that would produce the Messiah. Ruth’s inclusion teaches us that God’s plan is not limited to those within the covenant but includes those who choose to enter it by faith.
Bathsheba: The Mother of the King
Bathsheba’s story (2 Samuel 11-12) is filled with tragedy and scandal. She was the wife of Uriah, a Hittite, and became pregnant by King David after he summoned her. Her first child with David died, but their second child, Solomon, became the king through whom God’s promise to David was fulfilled. Despite the circumstances of their union, Bathsheba’s role as Solomon’s mother was vital in ensuring the continuation of David’s line.
Why Bathsheba and not others like Abigail or Michal? Bathsheba’s inclusion points to the complexity of human sin and divine grace. Despite the scandal of her relationship with David, she bore the king who would build the temple and continue the Messianic line. Bathsheba’s story shows that even in the midst of sin and failure, God’s redemptive purposes are at work.
Mary: The Faithful Servant
Mary’s inclusion is perhaps the most obvious. She was the young woman chosen to bear the Messiah (Luke 1). Her faithfulness in accepting God’s will, despite the social stigma she would face as an unwed mother, sets her apart. Mary’s quiet submission to God’s plan is a powerful example of faithfulness in the face of uncertainty.
Why Mary? Mary’s unique role as the mother of Jesus makes her central to the salvation story. Unlike the other women, she was directly chosen by God for this role, and her faithful acceptance of God’s will brought the Savior into the world.
Conclusion: Faithfulness Over Status
What sets these women apart isn’t just their actions, but their willingness to step into God’s redemptive plan, often in messy, complicated situations. They were not chosen for their status or for adhering to societal expectations but for their faithfulness in the face of difficulty. Their stories show us that God’s primary desire is not to bring about social change, but to transform lives. When we are faithful in the circumstances we find ourselves in, God can work through us, even when the situation looks hopeless or morally complex.
While today’s culture often pushes for external reforms and changes, the Gospel calls us to internal transformation. The change we need begins with hearts surrendered to God, and from that place, societies are transformed as a byproduct. The lives of these women remind us that true change comes from faithfulness in the margins, not through performative actions but through trusting God to use our brokenness for His glory.